Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

The structure that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing is the epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap-like structure located at the base of the tongue and it plays a crucial role in protecting the airway. When a person swallows, the epiglottis folds down over the glottis, which is the opening to the trachea. This action directs the food and liquid into the esophagus instead of the trachea, thereby preventing aspiration and ensuring that the airway remains clear for breathing.

The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage are parts of the larynx, but they do not have the function of covering the airway during swallowing. Instead, they provide structural support to the laryngeal framework. The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are situated within the larynx and play a role in sound production and airway protection, but their primary responsibility is not to block food but rather to control airflow during phonation and respiratory functions. The epiglottis is specifically adapted for the critical function of safeguarding the trachea during the swallowing process.