Which of the following is a complication of improper intubation?

Pneumothorax can occur as a complication of improper intubation due to trauma induced to the lung or pleural space during the procedure. If the tube is inadvertently inserted into the esophagus or misaligned in the trachea, excessive ventilation pressure can lead to barotrauma, which causes air to escape into the pleural cavity. This results in a pneumothorax, where air in the pleural space compromises lung expansion, leading to decreased oxygenation and respiratory distress.

Other complications, while significant, may arise in different contexts. For example, hyperventilation might occur due to unintentional excess tidal volume during ventilation but does not directly relate to intubation insertion technique. Oxygen toxicity is a risk associated with extended use of high concentrations of oxygen, while carbon dioxide retention more commonly results from insufficient ventilation rather than a direct complication of the intubation process itself. Thus, understanding the risks associated with improper intubation highlights the importance of proper placement and monitoring during airway management.