Which condition is characterized by a "barking" cough and stridor in children?

The condition characterized by a "barking" cough and stridor in children is croup. Croup, also known as acute laryngotracheobronchitis, is typically caused by a viral infection that leads to inflammation and swelling in the upper airway, particularly around the larynx and trachea. This inflammation narrows the airway, which can lead to the hallmark symptoms: a distinctive "barking" cough and stridor, which is a high-pitched sound resulting from turbulent airflow through a narrowed airway.

The "barking" cough is particularly notable because it is often described as similar to a seal's bark, which can help differentiate croup from other respiratory illnesses that might present with different types of coughs. Stridor, being a sign of upper airway obstruction, indicates that there is significant swelling in the larynx.

Understanding these symptoms helps healthcare professionals quickly identify croup in pediatric patients, allowing for prompt treatment, which may include administering corticosteroids to reduce the airway inflammation and using a nebulized epinephrine in more severe cases. This significance in identifying croup quickly is pivotal to managing respiratory distress in children effectively.