What is the priority action for a patient showing signs of a tension pneumothorax?

A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increasing pressure that collapses the lung on the affected side and can compress the mediastinum, impairing cardiovascular function. In this critical situation, immediate intervention is necessary to relieve the pressure and restore normal function.

Performing a needle decompression is the priority action as it provides rapid relief of the pressure in the thoracic cavity. By using a large-bore needle to decompress the chest, you allow trapped air to escape, which can quickly restore respiratory mechanics and improve oxygenation. This intervention is essential to prevent serious complications, including cardiovascular collapse and respiratory failure.

Other actions, such as administering oxygen, assisting with ventilation, or transporting the patient, may be important components of overall care but do not address the immediate life-threatening condition of tension pneumothorax. These actions may follow once the tension pneumothorax has been resolved. Therefore, needle decompression is the crucial first step in managing this emergency.