What condition involves the airway becoming inflamed and producing excess mucus?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway obstruction, which is often the result of chronic inflammation. In COPD, the airway becomes inflamed due to exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dust and chemicals. This inflammation leads to the swelling of the airway walls and an increase in mucus production.

The excess mucus contributes to obstructed airflow, making it difficult for individuals to breathe properly, especially during physical activity. This can lead to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Moreover, the chronic nature of the inflammation and mucus production makes COPD a progressive condition, often worsening over time if not managed effectively.

In contrast, other conditions listed, such as interstitial lung disease, ARDS, and sleep apnea, do not primarily involve the airway becoming inflamed with excess mucus production in the same manner as COPD. For instance, interstitial lung disease is mainly related to lung tissue scarring, ARDS involves fluid accumulation in the alveoli, and sleep apnea is characterized by obstructed or restricted airflow during sleep, not specifically by inflamed airways producing excessive mucus.