How does carbon dioxide affect blood pH?

When carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood increase, they lead to a condition known as hypercapnia. This excess CO2 reacts with water in the blood to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The increase in hydrogen ions (H+) results in a lower pH, making the blood more acidic.

This process is a critical component of the body's acid-base homeostasis and is tightly regulated, as even slight changes in pH can significantly affect physiological functions. Therefore, the relationship between CO2 and blood pH is vital for maintaining metabolic processes and overall health.